Economic values for sustainable dairy cattle breeding in the tropics: A focus on climate change responsive traits

The goal of this study was to estimate economic values for feed efficiency (FE), resilience (RE), adaptability (AD), and disease resistance (DR). indicator traits that were used measure; FE, RE, AD DR residual intake (RFI), variance deviations in milk yield, heat stress using reduction due an increase temperature humidity index (THI) by 1 brucellosis resistance, respectively. A bio-economic model developed python both simple profit functions risk-rated models compute AD, revise the existing breeding goal, which included yield (MY), fat (FY), protein (PY), age at first calving (AFC), interval (CI), pre-weaning daily gain (DG), post-weaning (PDG), mature live weight (LW), survival rate (PSR), (PWR), productive lifetime (PLT). value derived selection methodology. climate change responsive were; KES -15.54, 47.37, 175.48, -58.71 revised other 47.6, 132.8, 136.1, -334.9, -171.9, 8.3 g/day, 3.4 -30.8, 7.49%, 7.66%, 63.9 MY, PY, FY, AFC, CI, DG, PDG, LW, SR, PSR, PLT profits realised per year 705.71, 77,473.70 current (CBG) (CCRBG) These indicate inclusion would response dairy cattle tropics.